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The Chronograph
Several characteristics distinguish a chronograph watch from a typical wristwatch. Chronograph watches measure time in multiple ways as opposed to just in terms of hours and minutes. The most basic chronographs offer a stopwatch feature that does not shift the timekeeping of the watch as a whole, but more complex chronographs may include two, three, or even four distinct dials maintaining different time measurements. Some chronograph watches can measure the number of hours that have passed during a given time; others keep the date set or provide information on the phases of the moon. Chronographs that pass a certain series of very specific accuracy tests by a Swiss institute can be officially called chronometers.
The History of the Chronograph Watch
The history of the chronograph watch is intrinsically tied in with the history of clock making as a whole. In 1720, Graham, an English clockmaker invented the first clock that could measure the duration of an event. A French clockmaker named Rieussec made a true chronograph that recorded elapsed time in a series of ink dots. Further improvements were made from the middle to late 19th century, including the two-button chronograph system that is typical today.
The first automatic chronograph watch was released on the market in 1969 by several competing companies in quick succession. Two of the chronographs were introduced at the Basel Watch Fair. Zenith and Movado called their product “El Primero,” and their competitors called theirs the “Chrono-matic.” The two watches calibrate and operate somewhat differently, but both are quite accurate. A variety of other calibers and watch mechanics were introduced for chronograph watches over the coming years. Even today, Swiss chronographs are considered the best in the world.
The Chronograph as a Fashion Statement
Today, the chronograph is a popular man’s watch for reasons of both fashion and function. The chronograph watch has a reputation as a sportsman’s watch and an adventuring man’s watch, so many men choose to buy a chronograph watch. Chronograph watches today are available in a variety of prices, from beautifully made Swiss chronograph watches to more affordable mass produced chronograph watches. The complexity of the mechanism of chronograph watches does prevent the manufacture of inexpensive chronographs. Second hand chronograph watches are typically available starting at approximately $100. Several different chronograph calibers reached the market in the 1970’s. Collectors may find some of these calibers an affordable option, even if some brands of the early automatic chronograph watches have reached much higher prices.
The Chronograph Watch in Use
Chronograph watches are not just a fashion statement. For sportsmen, athletes, the military, and others, chronograph watches have served a function in daily life since early in their history. Not only does the chronograph watch have an interesting functional history, but its functional appeal has added to its interest as a fashion accessory.
Today, quartz chronographs measure the time at sporting events, determining who wins and who loses. Chronographs have been used at sporting events since the early 20th century. Specific chronometers, such as those equipped with tachometers, are used in car racing. While the application of chronometers in racing-based sports is pretty easily understood, chronometers also have an active function in another sport, scuba diving. Divers’ chronograph watches require luminescence, extensive waterproofing, and a diving ring which allows divers to keep close track of the amount of time they have been underwater and avoid potential risks.
The military has also found many helpful uses for chronograph watches, both currently and historically. Soldiers have used chronographs to time operations and exercises. Military chronographs are typically illuminated via the use of radium on the dial and numbers. Military chronographs can be recognized by the easy to read dial and by unit inscriptions on the back of the chronograph watch.
One of the most interesting bits of chronograph history occured in the space program. In 1970, during the system failure of the Apollo XIII, the Speedmaster Chronograph by Omega proved invaluable. Astronauts were able to use the chronograph to accurately time their reentry into the atmosphere and land safely, thanks to its precision and accuracy.
Other professionals also use specifically developed chronograph watches. Doctors have pulsometers, specifically developed to take the pulse and respiration rate more accurately and conveniently. Engineers, pilots, and sailors often choose a chronograph watch with a slide rule bezel to allow for ease in navigation.
Chronograph Watches: A Stylish and Useful Choice
Chronograph watches may be a functional choice for professionals and sportsmen, particularly if a specifically developed chronograph watch is chosen. Chronograph watches are also a popular fashion choice as a stylish and well-dressed man’s watch. A Swiss chronograph watch lends the impression of both class and sportsmanship to a man’s wrist. Whether you choose a vintage Swiss chronograph or a specialized one suited to your profession or interest, your fine chronograph watch will provide you with style and accuracy for many years to come.
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